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During the Late Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithic, societies across the Levant transformed their social, cultural and economic organisation, with new forms of food production, architecture and material culture. But to what extent were regional developments connected and how, in particular, did ideas and objects flow between the most southern and northern reaches of Southwest Asia? Finds from the Pre-Pottery Neo- lithic site of WF16 in southern Jordan resonate with those from Göbekli Tepe and other sites hundreds of kilometres to the north. Emphasising shared symbolism and ideology, the authors explore how connections may have arisen and how they were maintained, revealing expansive social networks spanning Southwest Asia that

A Comparison between Göbeklitepe, Nevali Çori, Çayönü, Çatalhöyük and Ain Ghazal Göbeklitepe has a significant place with its unique design among many ritual centres, shrines, communal buildings and settlements in Near East and Anatolia during the Neolithic Period. Göbeklitepe is located ten kilometres away from Şanlıurfa, Southeast of Turkey (Curry, 2008, pg.1) and covers eight hectares area (ibid). Limestone T-shaped pillars weight roughly five to ten tonnes (Banning, 2011, pp. 620-622) and carved figures of dangerous animals such as; rampant lions, wild donkeys, scorpions, snakes, a headless male figure identifiable with his erected penis and many other animal depictions give this place a distinctive character (Zimansky and Sagona, 2009,

This thesis examines the role that animals played in the lives of people in the PrePottery Neolithic Levant (including Turkey). It investigates how the ways in which humans and animals interacted can provide insights into their changing relationships, and into how the people viewed and interacted with their perceived worlds, both natural and constructed. By looking at the place of animals in society, and then more specifically at their role within artistic and mortuary practices, we can come to a better understanding of how animals may have been used to both express and reflect changing roles and worldviews for the people. We can also gain insights into the

An analyse of the structures at the site of Nevalı Çori The region of Upper-Mesopotamia provides a lot of sites that have the greatest importance for the understanding of the archaeology of this region.Especially the area of Southeast Anatolia within this region turns out to have an eminent position that has been revealed by the excavations and researches during the last decade. The importance of Southeast Anatolia can not be minimized, especially when dealing with Neolithic sites. Among the remarkable sites of Çayönü and GöbekliTepe, there is a third Neolithic site that also deserves the attention: Nevalı Çori in the province of Şanlıurfa.

During the Late Epipalaeolithic and Early Neolithic, societies across the Levant transformed their social, cultural and economic organisation, with new forms of food production, architecture and material culture. But to what extent were regional developments connected and how, in particular, did ideas and objects flow between the most southern and northern reaches of Southwest Asia? Finds from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of WF16 in southern Jordan resonate with those from Göbekli Tepe and other sites hundreds of kilometres to the north. Emphasising shared symbolism and ideology, the authors explore how connections may have arisen and how they were maintained, revealing expansive social networks spanning Southwest Asia that underpinned

Growing reliance on animal and plant domestication in the Near East and beyond during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) (the ninth to eighth millennium BC) has often been associated with a “revolutionary” social transformation from mobility toward more sedentary lifestyles. We are able to yield nuanced insights into the process of the Neolithization in the Near East based on a bioarchaeological approach integrating isotopic and archaeogenetic analyses on the bone remains recovered from Nevalı Çori, a site occupied from the early PPNB in Turkey where some of the earliest evidence of animal and plant domestication emerged, and from Ba'ja, a typical late PPNB site in Jordan. In addition,

The spread of T-shaped pillars in Upper Mesopotamia in the PPN The discovery of Göbekli Tepe, a site with monumental architecture, changed how archaeologists approach the PPN period in the Neolithic. Traditionally considered an era of hunter-gatherer subsistence, the monumental architecture at Göbekli Tepe presented the excavators with a confounding situation: how could small bands of hunter-gatherers come together and in concerted action design, construct and subsequently decorate such an elaborate series of structures? (Nortoff et al 2014, 84) The most striking of the architecture found at Göbekli Tepe are the T-shaped pillars, of which an estimate of two-hundred dot the tell at Göbekli Tepe.1 The pillars range from

Did Cities or Temples Come First to Human Life? A Comparison between Göbeklitepe, Nevali Çori, Çayönü, Çatalhöyük and Ain Ghazal Göbeklitepe has a significant place with its unique design among many ritual centres, shrines, communal buildings and settlements in Near East and Anatolia during the Neolithic Period. Göbeklitepe is located ten kilometres away from Şanlıurfa, Southeast of Turkey (Curry, 2008, pg.1) and covers eight hectares area (ibid). Limestone T-shaped pillars weight roughly five to ten tonnes (Banning, 2011, pp. 620-622) and carved figures of dangerous animals such as; rampant lions, wild donkeys, scorpions, snakes, a headless male figure identifiable with his erected penis and many other animal depictions give

The City of Şanlıurfa, located in the middle Euphrates division of the Southeast Anatolia Region, has been the centre of many civilisations due to its long settlement history. The city is considered to be the cradle of the Mesopotamian civilization. With its 11000 years of long history, the city had been controlled by the Osr hoene Kingdom, Roma n/ Bisantium, Arabs, Seljukians, Eyyubi, Karakoyunlu, the Ottoman Empire and the Modern Turkish Republic respectively. Thus these factors has had significant influence on the cultural diversity and also form of the city. In addition, as the city used to be the centre of three different religions, it has inherited very

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